Once NEET,always NEET? A synthetic panel approach to analyze the Moroccan labor market

In many regions of the world, the persistent, and growing, proportion of young people who are currently Not in Employment, Education or Training—a group increasingly referred to as NEET—is of global concern. This is no less true of Morocco: about 30% of the Moroccan population between age 15 and 24 are currently NEET. Drawing from various rounds of Moroccan Labor Force Surveys, this paper contributes to understanding the complex dynamics of labor markets in developing countries. First, it identifies the socioeconomic determinants of Morocco's NEETs. Second, employing a synthetic panel (SP) methodology in the context of labor market analysis, the paper describes how the condition of NEETs changes over time. One striking, and worrisome, pattern that emerges from the 2010 SP data is that, even after 8 years, a majority of the NEETs remained outside either the labor market or education, with very little chance of moving out of their situation. Their chronic stagnancy confirms the powerful effect that initial conditions have on determining young people's future outcomes. It also highlights the absence of corrective mechanisms and policy interventions within the Moroccan political economy landscape that could help to change NEETs' outcomes along the line.     

使用移动互联网助益了低收入家庭收入增长吗？

困于物质资本、人力资本和社会资本的不足,低收入家庭的信息劣势和社会关系劣势阻碍了其收入增长。移动互联网具有强大的信息收集传播功能和社交功能,加上其共享性、普惠性和使用低成本性,为降低低收入家庭的信息劣势和社会关系劣势提供了一条有效路径。因此,低收入家庭使用移动互联网有助于其收入增长。然而,在现实中低收入家庭使用移动互联网能否显著提高其家庭收入,目前还缺乏经验证据。本文认为,低收入家庭通过移动互联网可以低成本地获得就业创业信息、学习技能知识、拓展社会关系,同时互联网的发展本身也催生了更多的就业创业形式和机会,因此,使用移动互联网可以通过促进就业创业、改善社会关系网络等路径提高低收入家庭收入水平;低收入家庭的收入增长主要来源于家庭成员更多更高质量地参与有报酬的经济活动,因而低收入家庭使用移动互联网的收入增长效应主要表现为其促进就业创业带来的工资性和经营性收入增长;同时,创业的门槛约束使低收入家庭的收入增长更多地依赖于家庭成员就业的改善,相应的,促进就业成为使用移动互联网助益低收入家庭收入增长的主要路径。采用2016年和2018年的中国家庭追踪调查数据进行实证检验,分析结果显示：使用移动互联网显著促进了低收入家庭的收入增长,其中工资性和经营性收入的增长效应显著,但财产性和转移性收入的增长效应不显著;使用移动互联网可以通过促进就业创业和改善社会关系网络等路径提高低收入家庭的收入水平,其中就业的中介效应最强,创业次之,社会关系网络最弱,且使用移动互联网对低收入家庭社会关系网络的改善作用不显著。相比现有文献,本文探讨了低收入家庭使用移动互联网的收入增长效应及其就业、创业、社会关系路径,拓展和深化了互联网发展的经济效应研究和低收入家庭的增收路径研究,并为使用移动互联网能够促进低收入家庭收入增长提供了经验证据。本文研究表明,使用移动互联网可以通过促进就业创业、改善社会关系网络等路径显著提高低收入家庭的收入水平。要进一步发挥使用移动互联网的低收入家庭增收效应,应加强移动互联网基础设施建设以提高低收入群体的互联网普及率,并不断优化移动互联网的信息收集传播功能、学习功能和社交功能以提高低收入家庭的互联网使用广度和深度。     

工业智能化对社会经济发展影响的研究趋势

作为第四次工业革命的核心,工业智能化将对社会生产产生颠覆性影响。在全球经济形势不断收紧的当下,世界主要国家不断加大智能生产设备研发投入,旨在通过智能革命实现经济新一轮跃升。对于发展中的中国而言,加速推动工业智能化改造是快速实现经济发展高质量转型,抢占经济发展先机,实现经济赶超的重要途径。在综合梳理工业智能化相关研究文献的基础上,从工业智能化引致的生产效率、劳动就业、收入分配以及产业结构变动出发,系统梳理工业智能化相关研究综述,在此基础上总结当前工业智能化相关研究的不足,并进一步分析该领域可拓展的研究方向。     

Contrasting the Drivers of Switching Intent and Switching Behavior in Contractual Service Settings

We examine consumer switching decisions in contractual service settings and contrast the drivers of actual switching with those of switching intent. We surveyed a panel of subscribers to all cell phone service providers in a market and recorded key marketing mix data. At four months intervals, we asked panel members about their switching intentions and then subsequently observed actual switching behavior. Consistent with construal level theory, our findings show that switching intent is explained by only a handful of desirability- or outcome-related variables (i.e., overall satisfaction, performance perceptions of important attributes, and monetary switching costs). In contrast, the results show that many more variable categories contributed to explain actual switching behavior. These findings confirm that switching intent is driven by a qualitatively different set of variables than switching behavior. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed.     

从企业需求与学生就业角度谈卓越工程师计划培养模式的制定

根据国家培养卓越工程师的要求,分析了企业的需求和学生就业的相关问题,西南林业大学计算机与信息学院制定了"立足本土,面向企业,突出林业"的卓越工程师培养模式。该模式分析了云南本土企业对毕业生能力的需求,同时结合学校的特色,培养网络工程师、Java或.Net三类专业人才。在保证基础理论课程学习的同时,采用"3+1"校企合作的模式,培养学生的实践能力和工程素养,从而满足了企业需求,提升了就业率。     

对国内外砂土地震液化评价介绍及比较

本文通过应用国内外不同的勘察规范对同一个工程场地的地震液化等级划分的计算及评价介绍,得出了一个采用不同规范,可取得比较一致的地震砂土液化等级的结论。     

高职文科专业职业指导的新思路——以文秘专业为例

在当前严峻的就业形势下,越来越多的学校和专业都认识到职业指导对学生未来求职和职业生涯的意义,本文从高职文秘专业就业指导的现状分析入手,探讨文秘专业职业指导中存在的问题,并根据现代职场的特色和需求,提出了文秘专业就业指导的四点新思路,力图突破现有的职业指导模式,希望给各高校文科专业的职业指导改革提供借鉴。     

独立学院经管类专业学生就业竞争力研究——基于陕西省三所独立学院的调查

本文在对陕西三所独立学院进行调查的基础上,试图探索建立适合经管类学生就业竞争力提升的模型,以培养大批素质优良、特长鲜明,能快速切入企业岗位的应用型创新型人才。     

The economic effects of the 1920 eight-hour working day reform in Sweden

In 1920, the working day in Swedish manufacturing and services was cut from 10 to 8 hours without wages being cut correspondingly. Since workers demanded and got the same daily wage working 8 hours as they had with 10, real hourly wages increased dramatically; they were about 50% higher in 1921–1922 than they had been in 1919. This is the largest wage push in Swedish history, and this paper studies the consequences for profits, investments, capital intensity and unemployment. In traded manufacturing employers responded by increasing capital intensity and did not compensate for rising wages by raising prices, which led to a combination of jobless growth and low profit rates in the 1920s. Firms in non-traded manufacturing and services could raise prices and conserve profitability to a higher degree. In total, the effects of the reform were pro-labour. We discuss the implications for our understanding of interwar wages and employment, the literature on the decrease in inequality found in most industrial countries around 1920 and the rise of the ‘Swedish model’ in the 1920s and 1930s.     

低碳城镇化对就业的促进作用及保障体系构建

增强人的生存和发展能力,促进人的全面发展是以人为核心的中国新型城镇化建设的终极目标,实现这个目标的前提就是要保障和实现充分就业。低碳城镇化是新型城镇化的重要内容和必由之路,低碳城镇化对就业的保障应该更具公平性并且按照就近原则来推进。文章认为,在低碳城镇化建设过程中,要促进就业增长和提升就业质量,必须优化产业布局、产业结构与发展模式,扩大就业空间;建立健全劳动力教育培训制度,培养适应低碳产业发展需求的劳动者,提高劳动者就业竞争力;推进城乡劳动力市场一体化建设,提高人力资源利用效率,增强社会就业公平性。